ADHD
A brain wired differently — powerful, but hard to steer.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD begins in childhood and often persists into adulthood, affecting school, work, and relationships.
Key Symptoms
- ◆Difficulty sustaining attention on tasks
- ◆Easily distracted by irrelevant stimuli
- ◆Forgetfulness in daily activities
- ◆Hyperactivity: fidgeting, inability to sit still
- ◆Impulsivity: interrupting, acting without thinking
- ◆Difficulty organizing tasks and managing time
- ◆Losing items frequently
- ◆Emotional dysregulation
Common Causes
- ◆Genetic factors (highly heritable)
- ◆Differences in brain structure and dopamine function
- ◆Prenatal exposure to tobacco or alcohol
- ◆Low birth weight or premature birth
- ◆Brain injury or early childhood lead exposure
Treatment Options
- ◆Stimulant medications (methylphenidate, amphetamines)
- ◆Non-stimulant medications (atomoxetine)
- ◆Behavioral therapy and coaching
- ◆Organizational skills training
- ◆Parent training and school accommodations (for children)
Key Facts
ADHD affects about 5–10% of children and 2.5–4% of adults globally.
ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in males, but females are often underdiagnosed.
ADHD often co-occurs with other conditions like anxiety, depression, or learning disabilities.
Many people with ADHD develop successful coping strategies and thrive with support.